Breaking Down Class 3 Malocclusion: Treatment Options, Causes, and Transformations

What is Class III Malocclusion?

It is a dental condition in which either the upper jaw is underdeveloped or the lower jaw is protruding. A patient with malocclusion has teeth that do not align properly when they bite down. 

This leads to a condition called an underbite. Such malocclusions can cause issues with biting, chewing and speech. It is found that Class III malocclusions are relatively common and affect about 5% of the population. 

While it can occur in people of all ages, it often becomes noticeable during childhood. Here, we shall discuss the causes and treatment options available in detail. 

Causes of Class III Malocclusion

Here are a few different reasons for class 3 malocclusion:​

1. Misshapen Jaws and Teeth

A misaligned jaw or set of teeth is the most common reason for a class 3 malocclusion. The teeth may erupt crowded and unevenly if the jaw is too narrow for their size. When a child's jaw is too large for their teeth, their teeth may migrate forward. 

The most popular response to the question "What causes class 3 malocclusion and how can I avoid getting one?" is simply that it is an unpreventable condition that begins happening as soon as you are born because there is little you can do to influence the way your jaw and teeth grow.

2. Tooth Loss

Even the loss of one tooth might eventually lead to the other teeth in the jaw shifting out of place. 

By routinely brushing and flossing teeth and staying away from sports that involve a lot of physical contact, tooth loss can occasionally be prevented.

3. Thumb Sucking and Pacifiers

In rare instances, prolonged thumb sucking or excessive pacifier use can result in a class 3 malocclusion. 

The bottom teeth may experience significant pressure from the sucking motion, eventually moving outward. 

Thumb sucking or pacifier attachment is a completely preventable cause of malocclusion, thus it's critical to address it before it becomes an issue.

3. Genetics

Genetics play a significant role in the development of this condition. If you have a family history, you might be at an increased risk of developing it as well. 

Diagnosing a Class III Malocclusion

Class III malocclusion, often characterized by the lower teeth being positioned ahead of the upper teeth, can range from straightforward to complex. 

Individuals with this condition may experience additional complications due to years of dental compensation. In an attempt to correct the bite, incisors may become more vertically aligned, and molars may twist.

Malocclusion can typically be identified by the age of seven. In cases where the lower jaw significantly protrudes, a simple visual inspection is often sufficient for diagnosis. 

However, diagnosing a mild Class III malocclusion can be more challenging. Orthodontists may need to create plaster models of the teeth, take photographs, or use X-rays to get a comprehensive understanding of the condition.

Class 3 Malocclusion Treatment Options

1. Orthodontic Treatment

• The primary treatment for Class III malocclusion is orthodontic therapy. This involves gradually moving teeth into their correct positions using braces, aligners, or other dental appliances.
• The treatment duration ranges from one to three years, depending on severity. Orthodontists may also use elastics to help realign the jaws.
• These elastics are attached to brackets or hooks on the teeth and are worn for specified periods each day.

2. Orthognathic Surgery

Sometimes a severe class III malocclusion cannot be resolved with orthodontic treatment alone. Orthognathic surgery might be required in these circumstances. 

To improve the bite and facial appearance, orthognathic surgery entails shifting the upper and/or lower jaw into the proper position.

An oral and maxillofacial surgeon often performs the procedure in collaboration with an orthodontist. 

The length of the recovery period depends on how extensive the surgery was, but most patients need to take several weeks off from work or school to fully recover.

3. Functional Appliances

Functional Appliances: Removable dental devices used to treat Class III malocclusion in children and teenagers.

Mechanism: Apply gentle pressure on the jaws to encourage healthy growth and development.

Common Types:

1. Herbst Appliance: Consists of metal rods attached to the upper and lower molars to push the lower jaw forward, helping correct underbite.
2. Twin Block Appliance: A set of removable devices that work together to promote proper jaw development.

 4. Facemask Therapy

Another therapeutic option for kids with class III malocclusion is facemask therapy. 

A specific mask that is affixed to the headpiece and worn for a specific amount of time each day is required for this form of treatment. The mask helps to correct an underbite by pulling the upper jaw forward.

Facemask therapy is frequently combined with other orthodontic procedures like braces or useful gadgets. Treatment normally lasts between one and two years, depending on the severity of the malocclusion.

5. Mini Implants

Mini-implants are tiny screws that are inserted into the jawbone to act as an anchor for braces. Mini-implants can be utilised to help advance the upper jaw and treat an underbite in cases with class III malocclusion. 

Mini-implants are frequently combined with other orthodontic procedures, including braces or useful gadgets. Depending on how severe the malocclusion is, the course of treatment can last anywhere between one and three years.

6. Tooth Reshaping

Dental cosmetic surgery may be able to treat some individuals. In order to make sure that the upper jaw closes over the lower jaw, this treatment for type 3 malocclusion entails modifying the lower teeth or placing veneers. 

Although cosmetic therapy has many aesthetic benefits and can sometimes improve jaw function, it is not always successful for people who have a large underbite.

Class 3 Malocclusion Before And After

• This misalignment can lead to a range of dental and even facial issues if left untreated. However, thanks to modern orthodontic advancements, there is hope for those dealing with this condition. 
• Before treatment, individuals with class 3 malocclusion may experience difficulties in chewing, and speaking, and may even feel self-conscious about their appearance. 
• But the good news is that orthodontic solutions, such as aligners, braces and jaw surgery, can make a remarkable difference. 
• After undergoing the necessary treatment, patients often find their teeth beautifully aligned, their bite improved, and their confidence restored. 
• Class 3 malocclusion, while challenging, can be effectively corrected, allowing individuals to enjoy a healthier, more harmonious smile and enhanced quality of life.
  

Class 3 Malocclusion Surgery Recovery

• For those who have opted for surgery to correct their condition, the recovery process is a crucial phase in achieving the desired results. 
• Recovery typically involves some discomfort and swelling, which can be managed with prescribed pain medication and cold compresses. 
• Patients are advised to stick to a soft diet for a few weeks and maintain excellent oral hygiene to minimize the risk of infection. 
• Additionally, regular follow-up appointments are essential to make adjustments to braces or other appliances. 

Class 3 Malocclusion Side Effects

This orthodontic issue can lead to several side effects that can affect both oral health and overall well-being. 

• One of the most noticeable effects is the aesthetic concerns, as individuals with class 3 malocclusion may feel self-conscious about their facial appearance. 
• Beyond aesthetics, this condition can also result in difficulties with chewing and speech, leading to discomfort and decreased confidence. 
• In some cases, it can cause jaw pain, headaches and even temporomandibular joint TMJ disorders due to the misalignment of the jaws. 

Early diagnosis and orthodontic treatment are essential to mitigate these side effects and improve both the function and appearance of the smile of people with an underbite.

Class III Malocclusion Surgery Cost

The cost can vary widely depending on several factors. The average price range of surgery typically falls between INR 50,000 to INR 2,00,000 or more.

Severity of Malocclusion

More severe cases may require more extensive surgical procedures and therefore cost more.

Choice of Surgeon

Highly experienced and reputable oral and maxillofacial surgeons may charge higher fees for their services.

Hospital or Clinic

Premium hospitals or specialized clinics may charge more than smaller, less-equipped facilities

Geographical Location

The cost can vary according to the region. Major cities like Mumbai, Delhi and Bangalore may have higher prices compared to smaller towns.

Insurance Coverage

If you have dental or health insurance that covers orthognathic surgery, it can significantly reduce your out-of-pocket expenses.

Pre and post-operative Care

Expenses related to these as well as follow-up appointments can contribute to the overall cost.

Lifestyle and Class III Malocclusion

1. While undergoing treatment, it is essential to be aware of habits that can potentially exacerbate the condition. 
2. One common habit to avoid is excessive thumb sucking or using a pacifier beyond infancy, as it can put additional pressure on the misaligned jaw. 
3. Additionally, biting your nails or chewing on objects like pens and pencils can contribute to the problem. 
   
4. Making positive lifestyle changes can help. First, adhering to the recommended treatment plan, whether it involves braces, aligners or surgery is paramount. 
5. Maintaining good oral hygiene is equally crucial to prevent any complications during treatment. A balanced diet that is gentle on your teeth and jaw can also aid in your recovery and overall oral health. 
6. Moreover, avoiding habits like excessive gum chewing or biting into hard foods can help protect your dental appliances and expedite your journey toward a healthier smile. 
7. Remember, these lifestyle adjustments are a partnership between you and your orthodontic team, working together to achieve the best possible outcome.