Denture Stomatitis: Know Symptoms, Causes, Types and Treatment

What Is Denture Stomatitis?

Denture stomatitis is caused by an overgrowth of Candida, a yeast that naturally exists in everyone's mouth. It’s not contagious. This condition, also known as oral thrush, affects denture wearers and can be more common in:

• People with diabetes

• Those with poor oral hygiene

• Individuals using oral or inhaled steroids

• Cancer patients undergoing treatment

• Those taking certain medications, such as broad-spectrum antibiotics and corticosteroids

The prevalence of denture stomatitis among denture users varies from 15% to over 70%, particularly affecting older adults and nursing home residents.

Symptoms of Denture Stomatitis 

Denture stomatitis is usually a mild and manageable condition. It’s temporary and not a major cause for concern, but early detection is important for prompt treatment. 

More severe cases can involve tongue sores, bleeding gums, chronic numbness, and bad breath.

Watch for the following symptoms:

• Soreness where the dentures rest

• Swollen and red gums

• Redness and swelling at the corners of the lips

• Bad breath

• Poorly fitting dentures

• Dry mouth and changes in palate texture

• Decreased saliva production

• Burning sensation in the mouth

• Altered taste (dysgeusia)

While over 30% of people with denture stomatitis may have no symptoms besides a red border around the dental appliance, others might experience bad breath, mild bleeding, swelling, burning sensations, dry mouth, or altered taste.

Is It Possible to Spot Early Symptoms of Denture-Related Stomatitis?

The initial sign of denture stomatitis is typically tissue redness in the contour of the denture. 

Because most people do not examine the interior of their mouths daily, it usually stays undiscovered until a dental professional discusses it or actual symptoms appear.

What Causes Denture Stomatitis?

Denture stomatitis is an oral yeast infection primarily caused by an overgrowth of Candida, a fungus naturally present in the mouth. When Candida grows excessively, it can lead to gum inflammation, redness, and discomfort.

Contributing factors include:

• The type and age of dentures

• Incorrect denture positioning

• Poor dental hygiene

• Consuming too many sweet foods

• Underlying conditions like diabetes

• Allergic reactions to microbial buildup

• Improper denture cleaning

• Prolonged use of certain antibiotics

These factors can promote Candida overgrowth, resulting in inflammation and irritation of the oral mucosa.

Types of Denture Stomatitis

Denture stomatitis involves irritation and redness of the mouth lining beneath a denture. There are several types, each with distinct features:

1. Erythematous Denture Stomatitis: The most common type, characterized by widespread redness and discomfort of the mucosa under the denture, sometimes with small red spots or patches.

2. Papillary Denture Stomatitis: Localized inflammation, typically on the hard palate's ridges, featuring red, raised spots. This condition is often due to Candida overgrowth.

3. Angular Cheilitis: Not a direct subtype but related, marked by painful, red, cracked corners of the mouth. It can be caused by Candida overgrowth or ill-fitting dentures that trap saliva.

How To Prevent Denture Stomatitis?

• The easiest strategy to avoid denture stomatitis is to make it a habit to remove your dentures before going to bed. 
• Your oral mucosa requires exposure to air and saliva, which helps wash away germs and reduces the number of typical fungi in your mouth.
• Dentures are a breeding habitat for bacteria and should be cleaned daily. 
• The easiest way to do this is to use a soft-bristle denture brush with liquid soap or a denture cleaning product to mechanically remove plaque and film that might cause stomatitis.
• Soaking dentures in a cleaning solution alone does not provide the agitation required to break up and wash out all debris.
• Overall, whether you have dentures or not, maintaining adequate dental hygiene is important for preventing denture stomatitis. 
• You should be aware of the best denture tips and tactics to reduce your chances of developing denture stomatitis. 
• It is also advised that you have frequent dental examinations to ensure that any symptoms of the problems are treated before they worsen.

Best Treatments for Denture Stomatitis 

People suffering from oral stomatitis have several therapy options:

1. Antifungal Treatment: 

Antifungal medicine, such as nystatin or miconazole, is usually the first line of defence. 

These drugs are frequently administered as lozenges. In rare circumstances, anti-fungal ointments may be administered to alleviate your symptoms.

Denture stomatitis can be painful but, in many instances can be adequately treated at home. 

Here are some home cures and self-care advice for treating denture stomatitis:

1. Denture Hygiene: 

Ensure that your dentures are cleaned regularly to avoid the accumulation of Candida and bacteria. Soak your dentures in a denture cleaning solution that your dentist has prescribed.

2. Oral Hygiene: 

Thoroughly clean your mouth, including your gums, tongue, and palate. Brushing your teeth with a soft toothbrush or using an antibacterial mouthwash will help minimise your risk of illness.

3. Gargle with Warm Salt Water: 

Gargling with warm salt water can help reduce inflammation and relieve pain.

4. Probiotic Yoghurt

Consumption of live probiotic yoghurt can promote healthy oral flora and potentially help avoid fungal overgrowth.

5. Remove Dentures at Night: 

Remove your dentures at night to give your mouth tissues a rest. This can aid in reducing inflammation and promoting healing.

Consult Your Dentist If your symptoms persist or worsen, see your dentist.

Conclusion

The easiest strategy to avoid oral stomatitis is to maintain good oral hygiene. Brush your teeth and gums at least twice daily, and swish an antibacterial mouthwash around. 

You should also avoid smoking, as it increases your chances of getting an oral infection. Finally, wear your dentures for at least eight hours per day (for example, when sleeping). 

This will allow your tissues to rest and avoid the formation of denture sores. More information regarding teeth and gum care can be obtained from your healthcare provider.

FAQs

Q1: How dangerous is denture stomatitis?

Denture stomatitis is normally not considered dangerous, although it can be painful and have an impact on your quality of life. If neglected, it might lead to more serious oral health problems.

Q2: Can I cure denture stomatitis with over-the-counter antifungal creams?

Before using any antifungal drugs, consult your dentist. Based on the severity of your problem, they can offer the most appropriate treatment.

Q3: How can I avoid getting denture stomatitis?

Denture stomatitis can be avoided with proper denture cleanliness, appropriate oral care, and frequent dental check-ups. Furthermore, limiting excessive sugar consumption and maintaining a healthy diet can lower the chance of fungal overgrowth.